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Khamyang language
Khamyang is a critically endangered Tai language of India, spoken by the Khamyang people. Approximately fifty people speak the language; all reside in the village of Powaimukh, located seven miles downstream of Margherita in the Tinsukia district district.〔Morey, Stephen. 2005: The Tai Languages of Assam: A Grammar and Texts, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.〕 It is closely related to the other Tai languages in the Assam region: Tai Ahom, Aiton, Khamti, Phake, and Turung.
==General information==
The Khamyang (also spelled Kamjang, Khamjang) language is in a critically endangered state.〔 It is only spoken as a mother tongue in Powaimukh, and only by no more than fifty older adults.〔 It is used by the older adults to communicate with one another, in specific religious and ritual times, and when in contact with other Tai speakers. Only two Khamyang speakers can read the language: Chaw Sa Myat Chowlik, and Chaw Cha Seng. Both are elderly, and were born in 1920 and 1928, respectively. Additionally, the resident monk, Etika Bhikku, who natively speaks Tai Phake, is fluent in the Tai script.〔 In addition to the older generation of full speakers, there is a middle generation of semi-speakers of Khamyang. Morey writes that their knowledge has not yet fully been investigated. Also, children in Pawaimukh have some knowledge of the language.〔
The phonetic transcription of Khamyang's name for the village is maan3 paa1 waai6, and its Assamese/English name Pawoimukh.〔 According to Chaw Sa Myat, waai6 means rattan, and was given because rattan plants grow on the river.〔 There are several variants of the spelling: Pawaimukh, Powaimukh, and others; the 2011 census of India lists the village as Powai Mukh No. 2, as does Google Earth.〔Census of India, 2011, Primary Census Abstract Data Tables, Assam. http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/pca.html.〕 The translation of the village's Khamyang name is "Village of the Pawai River."〔
The Khamyangs are also sometimes referred to as the Nora, although Morey notes that he has never heard the remaining Khamyang speakers refer to themselves as Nora.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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